Home Science & Tech Scientists Shocked As They Find Aboriginal Australians Carry DNA Of An Unknown “Human” Species

Scientists Shocked As They Find Aboriginal Australians Carry DNA Of An Unknown “Human” Species

by consciousreminder
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A group of humans migrating out of Africa some 40,000 to 70,000 years ago mingled with an as-yet unknown branch of humanity, researchers say.

Modern humans originated about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa. However, scientists have long debated when and how the modern human lineage spread out of Africa to nearly every corner of the globe. Nearly everyone outside Africa descended from an exodus that occurred between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago, but recent archaeological findings and climate models suggest that migrations of modern humans from Africa began at least 100,000 years ago.

One way to find out whether, in the past, modern humans dispersed from Africa in one wave or many — and to see if they intermingled with any other human lineages along the way — is to examine the genomes of present-day modern humans.

“We’re interested in understanding how our species has come to be how it is through the lens of ancient DNA,” said Swapan Mallick, bioinformatics director at Harvard Medical School in Boston and lead author of one of the three studies appearing in the Sept. 22 issue of the journal Nature.

Previous human genetic databases often sampled a relatively narrow range of populations, which could skew results or miss key details about the migrations of modern humans out of Africa. Now, three studies have collected new, high-quality data from 787 human genomes from more than 280 geographically diverse populations around the world, including typically understudied and rapidly disappearing groups.

Among the understudied groups researchers looked at are African populations, which have considerable genetic, linguistic and cultural diversity. They also examined genomes from Australia, where previous research uncovered some of the earliest archaeological and fossil evidence of modern humans outside Africa.

The genetic analyses revealed the genomes of present-day aboriginal Australians might harbor evidence of ancient interbreeding with an unknown human lineage.

“Who these people are, we don’t know,” said Eske Willerslev at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, and senior author of one of the three studies.

Previous research unearthed bones from a mysterious extinct branch of the human family tree from Denisova cave in Siberia’s Altai Mountains. Analysis of DNA extracted from the fossils suggested these “Denisovans” shared a common origin with Neanderthals, but were nearly as genetically distinct from Neanderthals as Neanderthals were from living people.

Recent work suggested that Denisovans have contributed about 5 percent of their DNA to the genomes of present-day people of the Pacific islands of Oceania. However, these new findings suggest that what seemed to be evidence of Denisovans in the Pacific were actually signs of an unknown human lineage.

“These guys were very distantly related to Denisovans, but by no means Denisovan,” Willerslev told Live Science. “They were even more distantly related to Neanderthals, and they might have been even more distantly related to modern humans. We believe that they interbred with modern humans shortly before modern humans crossed into the ancient continent of Sahul — what is now Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania — some 50,000 to 60,000 years ago.”

The scientists also discovered that aboriginal Australians “are one of the oldest living populations on Earth, and have been in the same area for the past 50,000 to 60,000 years,” Willerslev said.

There was a great deal of controversy “over whether or not aboriginal Australians directly descend from the first humans entering Australia,”Willerslev said. “The answer to that question is yes — our data is completely consistent with aboriginal Australians descending from the first humans to enter Australia. It shows a very long connection between those people and the land.

“I can’t think of any other place in the world where humans have been so long in the same spot as Australia,” Willerslev said. “Yes, there are populations in Africa that are older, but we have no idea if they stayed in the same area in Africa for as long a time.”

This is the first comprehensive population-level whole-genome study of human genetic diversity in Australia. “We found that because aboriginal Australians have spent such a long time in Australia, they are very genetically diverse,” Willerslev said. “An aboriginal Australian from eastern Australia and one from southwestern Australia are almost as different genetically as an Asian is from a European.”

The researchers noted that about 90 percent of aboriginal Australians speak languages belonging to a single linguistic family, “but some people in northwest Australia speak other language families,” Willerslev said. “It’d be very interesting to see what the story is there when it comes to how they migrated to Australia.”


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2 comments

Kent Seguine March 5, 2017 - 4:20 am

Great article,

Reply
Jerome Kelly March 10, 2017 - 5:43 pm

I have heard many stories from my elders about the origins of my people in Australia. Many of the stories are not dissimilar to the story of Adam and Eve. The apple has been substituted for food in general, and the concept of the creation of the land varies from place to place
ie.
-Songs and stories attached to sacred places, where man first walked out of the sea OR
– Creation spirits forming the land and beings OR
– Magical men creating beings and allocating language and story lines (survival techniques and land respect techniques) to these people
etc

It is very interesting to know there is scientific evidence supporting diversity of peoples from different areas of Australia, knowing what I know about my cultural heritage. It is a shame that it is forbidden in my culture to elaborate further and provide evidence (ie sacred songs, sacred stories, sacred sites, ancient artifacts etc) without desecrating our lore and culture or being punished for doing so…. One day, maybe, the knowledge will be allowed to be shared. As it stands, only initiates are allowed to possess and share such knowledge as a rite, in the appropriate environment (Lore and corroboree grounds etc) and the appropriate audience.

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